feat: init backend

src/backend/item_manager/asgi.py

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+"""
+ASGI config for item_manager project.
+
+It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/howto/deployment/asgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "item_manager.settings")
+
+application = get_asgi_application()

src/backend/item_manager/settings.py

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+"""
+Django settings for item_manager project.
+
+Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.2.6.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/topics/settings/
+
+For the full list of settings and their values, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/settings/
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
+BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+
+
+# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/howto/deployment/checklist/
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
+SECRET_KEY = "django-insecure-=)6qk8+!)hmy7x@7=svo#-^0$pe+3ya@as6afe^o2wj*m-5#3("
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
+DEBUG = True
+
+ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
+
+
+# Application definition
+
+INSTALLED_APPS = [
+    "django.contrib.admin",
+    "django.contrib.auth",
+    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+    "django.contrib.sessions",
+    "django.contrib.messages",
+    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
+    "rest_framework",
+    "corsheaders",
+    "items",
+]
+
+MIDDLEWARE = [
+    "corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
+]
+
+ROOT_URLCONF = "item_manager.urls"
+
+TEMPLATES = [
+    {
+        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
+        "DIRS": [],
+        "APP_DIRS": True,
+        "OPTIONS": {
+            "context_processors": [
+                "django.template.context_processors.request",
+                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
+                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+]
+
+WSGI_APPLICATION = "item_manager.wsgi.application"
+
+
+# Database
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/settings/#databases
+
+DATABASES = {
+    "default": {
+        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
+        "NAME": BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3",
+    }
+}
+
+
+# Password validation
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
+
+AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
+    {
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",
+    },
+    {
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",
+    },
+    {
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",
+    },
+    {
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",
+    },
+]
+
+
+# REST Framework configuration
+REST_FRAMEWORK = {
+    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": [
+        "rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny",
+    ],
+    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": [
+        "rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication",
+    ],
+}
+
+
+# CORS settings
+CORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS = [
+    "http://localhost:8080",
+    "http://127.0.0.1:8080",
+    "http://localhost:3000",
+]
+
+CORS_ALLOW_ALL_ORIGINS = True  # 开发阶段允许所有源
+
+
+# Internationalization
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/topics/i18n/
+
+LANGUAGE_CODE = "zh-hans"
+
+TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Shanghai"
+
+USE_I18N = True
+
+USE_TZ = True
+
+
+# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/howto/static-files/
+
+STATIC_URL = "static/"
+
+# Default primary key field type
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
+
+DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"

src/backend/item_manager/urls.py

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+"""
+URL configuration for item_manager project.
+
+The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
+    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/topics/http/urls/
+Examples:
+Function views
+    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
+Class-based views
+    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
+Including another URLconf
+    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
+"""
+
+from django.contrib import admin
+from django.urls import path, include
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
+    path("", include("items.urls")),
+    path("api-auth/", include("rest_framework.urls")),
+]

src/backend/item_manager/wsgi.py

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+"""
+WSGI config for item_manager project.
+
+It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/howto/deployment/wsgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "item_manager.settings")
+
+application = get_wsgi_application()

src/backend/items/admin.py

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+from django.contrib import admin
+from .models import Item, ItemUsage, Category
+
+
+@admin.register(Item)
+class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ['name', 'serial_number', 'category', 'status', 'location', 'created_at']
+    list_filter = ['status', 'category', 'created_at']
+    search_fields = ['name', 'serial_number', 'description']
+    readonly_fields = ['created_at', 'updated_at']
+    fieldsets = (
+        ('基本信息', {
+            'fields': ('name', 'description', 'serial_number', 'category')
+        }),
+        ('状态和位置', {
+            'fields': ('status', 'location')
+        }),
+        ('购买信息', {
+            'fields': ('purchase_date', 'value')
+        }),
+        ('系统信息', {
+            'fields': ('created_at', 'updated_at'),
+            'classes': ('collapse',)
+        })
+    )
+
+
+@admin.register(ItemUsage)
+class ItemUsageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ['item', 'user', 'start_time', 'end_time', 'is_returned', 'purpose']
+    list_filter = ['is_returned', 'start_time', 'item__category']
+    search_fields = ['item__name', 'user__username', 'purpose']
+    readonly_fields = ['created_at']
+    fieldsets = (
+        ('使用信息', {
+            'fields': ('item', 'user', 'purpose', 'notes')
+        }),
+        ('时间信息', {
+            'fields': ('start_time', 'end_time', 'is_returned')
+        }),
+        ('状况记录', {
+            'fields': ('condition_before', 'condition_after')
+        }),
+        ('系统信息', {
+            'fields': ('created_at',),
+            'classes': ('collapse',)
+        })
+    )
+
+
+@admin.register(Category)
+class CategoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ['name', 'description', 'created_at']
+    search_fields = ['name', 'description']
+    readonly_fields = ['created_at']

src/backend/items/apps.py

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+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class ItemsConfig(AppConfig):
+    default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
+    name = "items"

src/backend/items/models.py

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+from django.db import models
+from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+
+
+class Item(models.Model):
+    """物品模型"""
+    STATUS_CHOICES = [
+        ('available', '可用'),
+        ('in_use', '使用中'),
+        ('maintenance', '维护中'),
+        ('damaged', '损坏'),
+    ]
+
+    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='物品名称')
+    description = models.TextField(blank=True, verbose_name='物品描述')
+    serial_number = models.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True, verbose_name='序列号')
+    category = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='物品类别')
+    status = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default='available', verbose_name='物品状态')
+    location = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, verbose_name='存放位置')
+    purchase_date = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='购买日期')
+    value = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='价值')
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
+    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='更新时间')
+
+    class Meta:
+        verbose_name = '物品'
+        verbose_name_plural = '物品'
+        ordering = ['-created_at']
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"{self.name} ({self.serial_number})"
+
+
+class ItemUsage(models.Model):
+    """物品使用记录模型"""
+    item = models.ForeignKey(Item, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='物品')
+    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='使用者')
+    start_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='开始使用时间')
+    end_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='结束使用时间')
+    purpose = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name='使用目的')
+    notes = models.TextField(blank=True, verbose_name='使用备注')
+    is_returned = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否已归还')
+    condition_before = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True, verbose_name='使用前状况')
+    condition_after = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True, verbose_name='使用后状况')
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='记录创建时间')
+
+    class Meta:
+        verbose_name = '使用记录'
+        verbose_name_plural = '使用记录'
+        ordering = ['-start_time']
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"{self.item.name} - {self.user.username} ({self.start_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')})"
+
+
+class Category(models.Model):
+    """物品类别模型"""
+    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True, verbose_name='类别名称')
+    description = models.TextField(blank=True, verbose_name='类别描述')
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
+
+    class Meta:
+        verbose_name = '物品类别'
+        verbose_name_plural = '物品类别'
+        ordering = ['name']
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.name

src/backend/items/serializers.py

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+from rest_framework import serializers
+from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+from .models import Item, ItemUsage, Category
+
+
+class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    class Meta:
+        model = User
+        fields = ['id', 'username', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'email']
+
+
+class CategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    class Meta:
+        model = Category
+        fields = ['id', 'name', 'description', 'created_at']
+
+
+class ItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    current_user = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = Item
+        fields = [
+            'id', 'name', 'description', 'serial_number', 'category', 'status',
+            'location', 'purchase_date', 'value', 'created_at', 'updated_at',
+            'current_user'
+        ]
+
+    def get_current_user(self, obj):
+        """获取当前正在使用该物品的用户"""
+        current_usage = ItemUsage.objects.filter(
+            item=obj, is_returned=False
+        ).first()
+        if current_usage:
+            return UserSerializer(current_usage.user).data
+        return None
+
+
+class ItemUsageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    user = UserSerializer(read_only=True)
+    user_id = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
+    item = ItemSerializer(read_only=True)
+    item_id = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = ItemUsage
+        fields = [
+            'id', 'item', 'item_id', 'user', 'user_id', 'start_time', 'end_time',
+            'purpose', 'notes', 'is_returned', 'condition_before', 'condition_after',
+            'created_at'
+        ]
+
+    def create(self, validated_data):
+        # 当创建新的使用记录时，更新物品状态为使用中
+        item = Item.objects.get(id=validated_data['item_id'])
+        item.status = 'in_use'
+        item.save()
+        return super().create(validated_data)
+
+    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
+        # 当归还物品时，更新物品状态为可用
+        if validated_data.get('is_returned', False) and not instance.is_returned:
+            item = instance.item
+            item.status = 'available'
+            item.save()
+        return super().update(instance, validated_data)
+
+
+class ItemDetailSerializer(ItemSerializer):
+    """物品详情序列化器，包含使用历史"""
+    usage_history = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
+
+    class Meta(ItemSerializer.Meta):
+        fields = ItemSerializer.Meta.fields + ['usage_history']
+
+    def get_usage_history(self, obj):
+        """获取物品的使用历史"""
+        usages = ItemUsage.objects.filter(item=obj).order_by('-start_time')[:10]
+        return ItemUsageSerializer(usages, many=True).data

src/backend/items/tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+# Create your tests here.

src/backend/items/urls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from django.urls import path, include
+from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
+from . import views
+
+router = DefaultRouter()
+router.register(r'items', views.ItemViewSet)
+router.register(r'usages', views.ItemUsageViewSet)
+router.register(r'categories', views.CategoryViewSet)
+router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('api/', include(router.urls)),
+]

src/backend/items/views.py

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+from django.shortcuts import render
+from rest_framework import viewsets, status
+from rest_framework.decorators import action
+from rest_framework.response import Response
+from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+from django.utils import timezone
+from .models import Item, ItemUsage, Category
+from .serializers import (
+    ItemSerializer, ItemDetailSerializer, ItemUsageSerializer,
+    CategorySerializer, UserSerializer
+)
+
+
+class ItemViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+    """物品管理API"""
+    queryset = Item.objects.all()
+    serializer_class = ItemSerializer
+
+    def get_serializer_class(self):
+        if self.action == 'retrieve':
+            return ItemDetailSerializer
+        return ItemSerializer
+
+    @action(detail=True, methods=['post'])
+    def borrow(self, request, pk=None):
+        """借用物品"""
+        item = self.get_object()
+
+        if item.status != 'available':
+            return Response(
+                {'error': '物品当前不可用'},
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+            )
+
+        user_id = request.data.get('user_id')
+        purpose = request.data.get('purpose', '')
+        notes = request.data.get('notes', '')
+        condition_before = request.data.get('condition_before', '')
+
+        if not user_id:
+            return Response(
+                {'error': '请指定使用者'},
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+            )
+
+        try:
+            user = User.objects.get(id=user_id)
+        except User.DoesNotExist:
+            return Response(
+                {'error': '用户不存在'},
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+            )
+
+        # 创建使用记录
+        usage = ItemUsage.objects.create(
+            item=item,
+            user=user,
+            start_time=timezone.now(),
+            purpose=purpose,
+            notes=notes,
+            condition_before=condition_before
+        )
+
+        # 更新物品状态
+        item.status = 'in_use'
+        item.save()
+
+        return Response(ItemUsageSerializer(usage).data)
+
+    @action(detail=True, methods=['post'])
+    def return_item(self, request, pk=None):
+        """归还物品"""
+        item = self.get_object()
+
+        # 查找当前的使用记录
+        current_usage = ItemUsage.objects.filter(
+            item=item, is_returned=False
+        ).first()
+
+        if not current_usage:
+            return Response(
+                {'error': '该物品未被借用'},
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+            )
+
+        # 更新使用记录
+        current_usage.end_time = timezone.now()
+        current_usage.is_returned = True
+        current_usage.condition_after = request.data.get('condition_after', '')
+        current_usage.notes = request.data.get('return_notes', current_usage.notes)
+        current_usage.save()
+
+        # 更新物品状态
+        item.status = 'available'
+        item.save()
+
+        return Response(ItemUsageSerializer(current_usage).data)
+
+    @action(detail=False)
+    def available(self, request):
+        """获取可用物品列表"""
+        items = self.queryset.filter(status='available')
+        serializer = self.get_serializer(items, many=True)
+        return Response(serializer.data)
+
+    @action(detail=False)
+    def in_use(self, request):
+        """获取使用中的物品列表"""
+        items = self.queryset.filter(status='in_use')
+        serializer = self.get_serializer(items, many=True)
+        return Response(serializer.data)
+
+
+class ItemUsageViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+    """使用记录管理API"""
+    queryset = ItemUsage.objects.all()
+    serializer_class = ItemUsageSerializer
+
+    @action(detail=False)
+    def current(self, request):
+        """获取当前使用中的记录"""
+        usages = self.queryset.filter(is_returned=False)
+        serializer = self.get_serializer(usages, many=True)
+        return Response(serializer.data)
+
+    @action(detail=False)
+    def by_user(self, request):
+        """根据用户ID获取使用记录"""
+        user_id = request.query_params.get('user_id')
+        if user_id:
+            usages = self.queryset.filter(user_id=user_id)
+            serializer = self.get_serializer(usages, many=True)
+            return Response(serializer.data)
+        return Response({'error': '请提供用户ID'}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+
+
+class CategoryViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+    """物品类别管理API"""
+    queryset = Category.objects.all()
+    serializer_class = CategorySerializer
+
+
+class UserViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
+    """用户管理API（只读）"""
+    queryset = User.objects.all()
+    serializer_class = UserSerializer

src/backend/manage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def main():
+    """Run administrative tasks."""
+    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "item_manager.settings")
+    try:
+        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
+            "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
+            "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
+        ) from exc
+    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()