feat: improve error handling and code quality

后端改进:
- 添加统一异常处理系统 (exceptions.py, response.py)
- 实现自定义异常类 (ValidationError, AuthorizationError, ResourceNotFoundError, BusinessLogicError)
- 配置全局异常处理器,统一 API 错误响应格式
- 迁移业务逻辑错误到自定义异常 (users.py, auth.py)
- 添加 SQL LIKE 通配符转义,防止通配符滥用
- 使用 EmailStr 进行邮箱格式验证
- 移除敏感字段暴露 (jwt_sub)

前端改进:
- 配置 ESLint 9 (flat config) 和 Prettier
- 修复所有 ESLint 错误和警告
- 移除未使用的变量和导入
- 为组件添加 PropTypes 默认值
- 统一代码格式和风格

backend/scripts/test_exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""
+测试新的异常处理系统
+"""
+import sys
+sys.path.insert(0, '..')
+
+from backend.exceptions import (
+    ValidationError,
+    AuthenticationError,
+    AuthorizationError,
+    ResourceNotFoundError,
+    BusinessLogicError,
+)
+from backend.schemas.response import ErrorResponse, ErrorDetail
+
+def test_exceptions():
+    """测试自定义异常"""
+    print("=" * 60)
+    print("测试自定义异常类")
+    print("=" * 60)
+
+    # 测试 ValidationError
+    try:
+        raise ValidationError("用户名长度必须在2-50之间")
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(f"✅ ValidationError: {e.message} (状态码: {e.status_code}, 代码: {e.error_code})")
+
+    # 测试 AuthenticationError
+    try:
+        raise AuthenticationError("Token已过期")
+    except AuthenticationError as e:
+        print(f"✅ AuthenticationError: {e.message} (状态码: {e.status_code}, 代码: {e.error_code})")
+
+    # 测试 AuthorizationError
+    try:
+        raise AuthorizationError("需要管理员权限")
+    except AuthorizationError as e:
+        print(f"✅ AuthorizationError: {e.message} (状态码: {e.status_code}, 代码: {e.error_code})")
+
+    # 测试 ResourceNotFoundError
+    try:
+        raise ResourceNotFoundError("用户不存在")
+    except ResourceNotFoundError as e:
+        print(f"✅ ResourceNotFoundError: {e.message} (状态码: {e.status_code}, 代码: {e.error_code})")
+
+    # 测试 BusinessLogicError
+    try:
+        raise BusinessLogicError("打卡任务已禁用")
+    except BusinessLogicError as e:
+        print(f"✅ BusinessLogicError: {e.message} (状态码: {e.status_code}, 代码: {e.error_code})")
+
+
+def test_response_schemas():
+    """测试响应 Schema"""
+    print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+    print("测试响应 Schema")
+    print("=" * 60)
+
+    # 测试 ErrorResponse
+    error_response = ErrorResponse(
+        error=ErrorDetail(
+            code="VALIDATION_ERROR",
+            message="邮箱格式不正确",
+            field="email"
+        )
+    )
+
+    response_dict = error_response.model_dump()
+    print(f"✅ ErrorResponse 序列化成功:")
+    print(f"   {response_dict}")
+
+    assert response_dict["success"] == False
+    assert response_dict["error"]["code"] == "VALIDATION_ERROR"
+    assert response_dict["error"]["message"] == "邮箱格式不正确"
+    assert response_dict["error"]["field"] == "email"
+    print("✅ 所有断言通过")
+
+
+def check_old_exception_patterns():
+    """检查旧的异常处理模式"""
+    print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+    print("检查需要更新的旧异常代码")
+    print("=" * 60)
+
+    import os
+    import re
+
+    patterns = {
+        "HTTPException with detail": r'raise HTTPException.*detail=f?".*{',
+        "except Exception": r'except Exception as',
+    }
+
+    results = {}
+    for pattern_name, pattern in patterns.items():
+        results[pattern_name] = []
+
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk('../backend/api'):
+            for file in files:
+                if file.endswith('.py'):
+                    filepath = os.path.join(root, file)
+                    with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                        content = f.read()
+                        matches = re.findall(pattern, content, re.MULTILINE)
+                        if matches:
+                            results[pattern_name].append((filepath, len(matches)))
+
+    for pattern_name, files in results.items():
+        print(f"\n{pattern_name}:")
+        if files:
+            print(f"  ⚠️  发现 {sum(count for _, count in files)} 处使用")
+            for filepath, count in files:
+                print(f"     - {filepath}: {count} 处")
+        else:
+            print(f"  ✅ 未发现使用")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_exceptions()
+    test_response_schemas()
+    check_old_exception_patterns()
+
+    print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+    print("✅ 所有测试通过！新的异常处理系统工作正常")
+    print("=" * 60)